Camera shots – literal.

The long shot – this shot shows a landscape or environment in an expansive way. As the term suggests, the frame captures a fair amount of space and is often used to establish a setting.

The Extreme Long Shot – this occurs when a camera captures an image from a distance, and is typically used to create a feeling of scope and magnitude, where a human figure may appear small.

The Establishing Shot – this is used at the beginning of a sequence in order to provide the context of what we are about to see.

The Medium Long Shot – this is achieved when a figure is captured almost in full, but where the feet and ankles are cropped at the bottom of the frame.

The Mid Shot – this is when a figure is filmed from head to waist. This may be used when a character is seen to be doing something with their hands.

The Close Up – this involves the camera focusing on an object or an individual in order to draw attention to the filmed subject. When an actor is involved in a close up, an emotional impact can be heightened, simply because more emotion can be seen on the face of a character. Close Ups are often used in soap operas as they an efficient way of conveying emotional reactions.

The Big Close Up – this is a head shot only, drawing attention to an important emotional response.

The Extreme Close Up – this is a close up from the eyebrow to below the mouth (or sometimes closer) which may be used to make a figure seem threatening.

The Over the Shoulder Shot – this involves positioning the camera over the shoulder of the subject and is also effective way of creating tension.

The Point of View Shot – the camera is meant to capture what a subject sees. If a sequence involves a burglar, the film-maker may give us his/her POV, accompanied with the sound of heavy breathing to increase tension.

High angle Shot – the subject is made to appear inferior, while the audience feels powerful.

The Low Angle Shot – the subject can be made to appear powerful, can create suspense and make the audience feel inferior.

Neutrality is created by shooting at eye level.